In the interview, chief complaint, comorbid symptoms, duration, systemic/ophthalmic history, and familial history were collected (see also Supplementary material 1). Patients who visited the outpatient clinic for the first time were interviewed by ophthalmologists and experienced paramedics who had been trained for at least 2 years with confirmed hospital protocols. Medical interview and basic ophthalmologic examinations This study aimed to determine whether AI can recommend pupil dilation test appropriately when only basic ophthalmologic information is provided, as in our clinical situation. There is no study on AI that recommends pupil dilation test. We considered using AI to simplify the medical service process through the automatic determination of pupil dilation test. Moreover, many intraocular diseases are asymptomatic and are detected incidentally ( 11– 13). However, in many cases, because these processes have a limitation to presume some intraocular diseases, this test is performed after an additional process that an ophthalmologist conducts directly, such as slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Pupil dilation test can be performed for a patient with symptoms and signs that suggest the possibility of an intraocular disease after a medical interview and basic ophthalmologic examinations. Moreover, considering the dilation time after discontinuing mydriatics, fundus examination is a turning point in the process of medical service in ophthalmology, from visit to treatment ( 10). However, after pupil dilation, some important examinations such as near vision test, pupillary light reflex, and visual field examination have a limitation or bias. In contrast, diseases in the lens, optic nerve, vitreous, and chorio-retina are basically diagnosed using pupil dilation test ( 9). The majority of anterior segment diseases are diagnosed using slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination. Pupil dilation test and fundus examination is performed to differentiate between intraocular diseases. Minimizing the medical process reduces the patient's waiting time and medical costs while improving the satisfaction of service providers and beneficiaries.

Patient visit time for outpatient clinic is one of the key issues to address in order to improve not only the quality of medical services but also the clinic efficiency ( 8). The flow of medical services from to doctors in this study.

Blown pupil icd 10